来看形形色色的战斗机尾喷管

{"gallery":{"members":[{"desc":"战斗机尾喷管大致分为以下几种类型：\r\n\r\n收敛—扩张型：可调的收敛—扩张型，随飞行状态变化，由马达带动拉杆，改变喷管临界截面积、出口截面积，使气流尽可能在出口处达到完全膨胀。（鸣谢：鼎盛军事 阿姆斯壮）","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090805766.jpg"},{"desc":"引射喷管：由一个纯收敛喷管和一个同心的外套筒组成，主气流膨胀所形成的“流体”壁面可以随主气流压力变化自动调节。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090805783.jpg"},{"desc":"推力矢量喷管：推力矢量技术是指发动机推力通过喷管或尾喷流的偏转产生的推力分量来替代原飞机的操纵面或增强飞机的操纵功能，对飞机的飞行进行实时控制的技术。\r\n","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090805267.jpg"},{"desc":"而矢量喷管又分为：\r\n\r\n折流板\r\n\r\n一般来说，折流板方案是在飞机的机尾罩外侧加装3或4块可作向内、向外径向转动的尾板，靠尾板的转向来改变飞机尾气流的方向，实现推力矢量。这种方案的特点是发动机无需做任何改装，适于在现役飞机上进行试验。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090806629.jpg"},{"desc":"其优点是结构简单，成本较低，作为试验研究有一定价值。但有较大的死重和外廓尺寸，推力矢量工作时效率低，对飞机隐身和超音速巡航不利，所以它仅是发展推力矢量技术的一种试验验证方案。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090806799.jpg"},{"desc":"二元矢量喷管\r\n\r\n二元矢量喷管是飞机的尾喷管能在俯仰和偏航方向偏转，使飞机能在俯仰和偏航方向上产生垂直于飞机轴线附加力矩，因而使飞机具有推力矢量控制能力。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090806246.jpg"},{"desc":"二元矢量喷管通常是矩形的，或者是四块可以配套转动的调节板。二元矢量喷管的种类有：二元收敛－扩散喷管（2DCDN）、纯膨胀斜坡喷管（SERN）、二元楔体式喷管（2DWN）、滑动喉道式喷管（STVN）和球面收敛调节片喷管（SCFN）等。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090806416.jpg"},{"desc":"通过研究证实，二元矢量喷管易于实现推力矢量化。在80年代末，美国两架预研战斗机YF-22\/F119和YF-23\/F120均采用了这种矢量喷管。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090806248.jpg"},{"desc":"二元矢量喷管的缺点是结构比较笨重，内流特性较差。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090807864.jpg"},{"desc":"轴对称矢量喷管\r\n\r\n推力矢量技术的研究最初集中在二元矢量喷管，但随着研究的深入发现二元喷管优点虽多但缺点也很明显，尤其是移植到现役飞机上相当困难。因此又发展了轴对称推力矢量喷管。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090807820.jpg"},{"desc":"GE公司在20世纪80年代中期开始轴对称推力矢量喷管的研制，其研制的喷管由3个A9\/转向调节作动筒、4个A8\/喉道面积调节作动筒、3个调节环支承机构、喷管控制阀以及一组耐热密封片等构成。 \u001d\r\n","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090808176.jpg"},{"desc":"流场推力矢量喷管\r\n\r\n流场推力矢量喷管完全不同于前面几种机械作动式推力矢量喷管，其主要特点在于通过在喷管扩散段引入侧向次气流（Secondary Fluid）去影响主气流的状态，以达到改变和控制主气流的面积和方向，进而获取推力矢量的目的。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090808545.jpg"},{"desc":"它的最主要优点是省却了大量的实施推力矢量用的机械运动件，简化了结构，减轻了飞机重量，降低了维护成本。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090808336.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090808477.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090808777.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090809587.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090809681.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090810393.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090811587.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090811823.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090811857.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090811268.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090812913.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090812142.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090812261.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090812218.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090813547.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090813151.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090814777.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090815721.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090815235.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090815441.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090815669.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090816443.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090816534.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090816526.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090817109.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090817984.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090817813.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090817937.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090818446.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090818349.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090819151.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090819181.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0317\/09\/08\/20160317090819202.jpg"}]}}