9CaKrnQgRoH作者:mil.huanqiu.comgallery央视首次曝光运20运输机驾驶舱内部珍贵画面/e3pmh1dm8/e3pn7gjsn1363911420000责编:peishen环球网综合136391142000011[]{"gallery":{"members":[{"desc":" 近日,央视《新闻直播间》 和《焦点访谈》节目深度揭秘了国产大型运输机运-20 的研制和生产内幕,还首次曝光了中国运-20运输机的驾驶舱航电系统。在2013年3月21日的央视节目中,负责大运研制的唐长红总设计师还首次透露了大运下一阶段试飞的情况,特别是大运研制总指挥唐军称运-20已经在全球首个成功采用了3D打印技术生产的零部件,引起媒体广泛关注。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081837180.jpg"},{"desc":" 随着越来越多的运-20图片被公布,人们可以发现运-20更多的一些细节,有人就发现运-20配备了平显,这是我国军用运输机首次配备平显。从相关图片来看,运-20配备的是比较先进的衍射平显,这表明它配备了国产视景增强系统,有效的提高了飞机在恶劣及低能见度条件下的起降能力,有力的增强了飞机的战术技术指标。\r\n","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322090354596.jpg"},{"desc":" 对于军用作战飞机来说,平显已经是标准的配备了,但是在运输机上配备平显的历史却不长,这是因为运输机特别是民航客机对于技术可靠性的要求比先进性要高的多,喷气式军用作战飞机在二战之中就出现了,喷气式客机直到50年代才开始普及,其中一个重要的原因就是航空公司对喷气式发动机的可靠性信心不足。相应的从上世纪60年代开始,军用作战飞机已经运用数据总线、综合显示系统,但是运输机出于成本、可靠性等因素继续采用传统的指针式仪表。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322091608310.jpg"},{"desc":" 不过传统指针式仪表的缺点也比较突出,包括信息容量有限,人机界面不好等,特别是飞机起降的时候,对于航线飞机来说,飞行员必须要在能够看见跑道的决断高度上,做出是否进场着陆的决定。而在恶劣气象条件下飞行员能看见跑道的高度非常有限,而且在进近与着陆的关键时刻其工作负荷很大,反复的驾驶舱内外交替观察对于其工作会产生不利影响。为了帮助机组在夜间和恶劣气象条件下进近和着陆,人们就在机场安装了仪表着陆系统,在飞机上加装自动着陆系统。但是并没有从根本上解决问题。(图为美军C-17运输机的驾驶舱)","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322090359868.jpg"},{"desc":" 随着技术的进步,平显和多功能显示系统的成本、可靠性有了明显的进步,所以新型运输机开始配备平显等多功能显示器,这样运输机飞行员可以象战斗机飞行员一样,通过平显来得到飞行、航线及地平线等信息,不需要频繁的低头观察座舱的仪表,始终保持对飞机周围态势的掌握,从而大大提高了飞机的起降安全性能。根据相关资料:利用平显,飞行员发现跑道的概率可以提高到80%以上。这样就具备进入大多数机场的能力。(图为波音-787客机的驾驶舱)\r\n","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322090354949.jpg"},{"desc":" 上世纪80年代美国空军在研制C-17运输机的时候,特别强调它的直接抵达能力,也就是说可以把重装直接投送到前线地区,因此就需要它能够在恶劣及不良气气侯条件下在条件简单的机场起降,所以C-17配备了较为先进的航空电子系统,根据相关资料,C-17的航空电子系统采用多条1553B数据总线,主要机载系统包括:任务计算机、告警和提示系统、综合无线电管理系统、飞控系统和通信系统等,其中任务计算机是系统的核心。任务计算机利用领航系统、位置保持设备和气象雷达提供的数据,处理完成这些功能。任务计算机具有对领航、飞行计划和任务功能实行完全的侧向领航、垂直面领航和时间领航的能力。\r\n","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322090352322.jpg"},{"desc":" 为了与先进的航空电子系统相配套,C-17的座舱采用了两个平显做为主显示器,C-17驾驶舱的设计特点,是在左右驾驶员前面各有一块平视显示器(HUD)。平视显示器(HUD)是主要的飞行显示器,也是C-17飞机区别于其它飞机的独特之处。在需要的机动过程中(比如低空伞投),平视显示器(HUD)可以使机组人员在注视外部参考物的同时获得必需的飞行信息。利用平视显示器(HUD)向驾驶员提供目视引导,可以提高飞机的总体飞行性能,获得更精确的飞行航路控制和最小的着陆点散布。平视显示器(HUD)有两种稳(declutter)模式,需要时可以提高可读性。正常使用状态,一个平视显示器(HUD)展开、另一个收起。不使用平视显示器(HUD)的驾驶员将负责监控座舱内的仪表。\r\n","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322090356783.jpg"},{"desc":" 遮光板处位于平视显示器(HUD)旁边的是两位驾驶员各自的通讯领航控制板(CNC)。每个控制板都能实现飞机上所有无线电调谐。遮光板处还有自动飞行控制系统控制板,驾驶员可以实现对自动驾驶仪和领航模式的控制。平视显示器(HUD)、通讯领航控制板和自动飞行控制系统控制板共同位于遮光板处,使得驾驶员在完成大多数机动动作时不用下视驾驶舱,这样大大降低了飞行员的负担。\r\n","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322090404640.jpg"},{"desc":" 运-20的航空电子系统应该包括:首先它配备的计算机综合化的航空电子系统,以中心计算机为核心,将机载导航、通信、气象、飞行控制、大气数据计算机等系统有机的联接在一起,形成一个统一的网络,实现了数据的综合处理和显示,飞行员可以从座舱多功能显示器得到直观、全面的飞行及飞机信息,其中平显可能是飞行的主要显示器,主要的飞行及飞机状态住处都在处显示,飞行员可以据此操纵飞机,同时保持对飞机周围态势的感知,提高了飞机在夜晚及不良气候条件下降落的能力,运-20要求能够直接把重装备空运到前线机场,这个能力显然是非常宝贵的。\r\n\r\n 运-20的航空电子系统体现了我国航空电子行业在近来年的技术成果,技术水平已经达到当今世界先进水平,未来运-20可能还会加装前视红外系统,升级到合成视景系统,进一步加强它的起降能力。\r\n\r\n\r\n","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081822921.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081823719.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081824179.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081826913.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081828467.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081831153.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081833994.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081834330.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081840908.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081841170.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081843848.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081845190.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081846286.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081847402.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081849221.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081851967.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081853351.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081854620.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081856506.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081857304.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081859472.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081901599.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081902284.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081906380.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081907564.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081909676.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081910549.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081912195.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081913642.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081915882.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081917232.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081919601.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081921475.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081925148.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081927644.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081929219.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081930220.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081933487.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081935582.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2013\/0322\/20130322081937720.jpg"}]}}//himg2.huanqiucdn.cn/attachment2010/2013/0322/20130322082319540.jpg