9CaKrnQhvbx作者:mil.huanqiu.comgallery探秘俄军遗弃的洲际导弹发射井/e3pmh1dm8/e3pn6f3oh1469607540000责编:徐璐明资料图146960754000011["9CaKrnQhv0p","9CaKrnQhv5c","9CaKrnQhv0p","9CaKrnQhuYz","9CaKrnQhuM6","9CaKrnQhupQ"]{"gallery":{"members":[{"desc":"近日,俄罗斯网友进入一座被废弃了洲际导弹发射基地探秘。这个已经被遗弃的弹道导弹发射井,是当年用于发射R-36M洲际弹道导弹的。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042023168.jpg"},{"desc":"R-36M(中文名称“撒旦”)弹道导弹是俄罗斯在苏联时期研制的多弹头洲际弹道导弹,是世界上体积最大、威力最大的现役导弹。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042023111.jpg"},{"desc":"R-36M弹道导弹在编号上延续了R-36弹道导弹,但由于R-36无法满足军方需求,因而进行了重新设计,大幅提高了性能和可靠性,具备了很多第四代战略导弹的技术和战略思想特点。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042025211.jpg"},{"desc":"截止2000年9月,该各型该导弹共进行150次发射,除4次研发时代的发射失败以外,全部成功。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042025504.jpg"},{"desc":"早期型R-36M采用自主惯性制导系统,精度不是很高,即使是多弹头也要求具备较大威力,才能打击加固发射井等硬目标。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042026111.jpg"},{"desc":"而威力提高意味着弹头重量的增加,这使其携带的弹头数最多只能有8个。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042027874.jpg"},{"desc":"而科学家经过计算发现,若命中精度不变,弹头威力提高1倍,摧毁能力增加大约0.6倍;若弹头威力不变,命中精度提高1倍,则摧毁能力增加大约3倍。因此提高精度比提高威力的效果要好的多。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042027265.jpg"},{"desc":"为此,苏联开始着手改进R-36M。在R-36M前三个型号服役才过了几个月,苏联就在1976年8月16日通过了新型号的改进决议。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042030502.jpg"},{"desc":"南方设计局的改进方案采用了平台—计算机显示制导方案,使弹头打击精度由500米以上缩小到了350米以内,这使R-36M可以用更小的弹头打击同样的目标,从而增加了R-36M携带的弹头数,因此设计方案中子弹头数量由8个增加到10个。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042031176.jpg"},{"desc":"1979年11月苏联完成了新的分导式弹头试验,1980年北约代号SS-18 MOD 4的R-36M开始服役。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042031260.jpg"},{"desc":"1982~1983年,新导弹全部替代早期部署的三种导弹,部署总数达到308枚,即达到了《美苏关于限制进攻性武器条约》(SALT I)规定的上限。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042031247.jpg"},{"desc":"据美国《国家利益》网站报道,俄罗斯正在打造世界上威力最大的洲际弹道导弹。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042031647.jpg"},{"desc":"报道称,这种名为RS-28“萨尔马特”的庞然大物将在2018年具备作战能力,并将被部署到俄西伯利亚和南乌拉尔地区。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042032172.jpg"},{"desc":"届时,此种液体燃料推进的庞大导弹将替代冷战时期部署的“部队长官”(北约称“撒旦”)洲际弹道导弹,而后者是目前世界上最大的洲际导弹。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042033207.jpg"},{"desc":"据报道,首枚“萨尔马特”原型导弹已制造完成,将于今年晚些时候进行首次试射。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042033958.jpg"},{"desc":"倘若试验取得成功,俄将批量生产使其2018年开始服役。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042034646.jpg"},{"desc":"报道称,“萨尔马特”的重量将至少达到100吨并可携带10吨重的载荷。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042034120.jpg"},{"desc":"这意味着该导弹将携带多达15枚独立瞄准的分导核弹头。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042035686.jpg"},{"desc":"一旦具有实战能力,这种射程至少达到6000英里(近1万公里)的导弹,就将成为有史以来最大的洲际弹道导弹。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042035361.jpg"},{"desc":"报道称,与“亚尔斯”“白杨-M”和“布拉瓦”等俄制洲际导弹一样,“萨尔马特”也是综合利用诱饵弹、各种反制措施和绝对速度等技术,突破敌方反导系统。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042036830.jpg"},{"desc":"该导弹还有可能装备更难被拦截的机动弹头。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042037474.jpg"},{"desc":"俄塔社10日报道称,俄战略导弹部队司令谢尔盖·卡拉卡耶夫上将当天表示,俄罗斯新的洲际战略导弹系统(萨尔马特)拥有突破目前及未来全球所有反导系统的能力。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042037621.jpg"},{"desc":"它不仅可沿最佳轨道让弹头抵达目标,而且能从不同方向进行打击,这迫使敌方必须四面进行导弹防御。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042037249.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042039226.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042040178.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042040946.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042040703.jpg"},{"desc":"","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2016\/0727\/16\/20\/20160727042040947.jpg"}]}}//himg2.huanqiucdn.cn/attachment2010/2016/0727/16/27/20160727042752336.jpg