9CaKrnQhoku作者:mil.huanqiu.comgallery探秘俄战略轰炸机发动机工厂/e3pmh1dm8/e3pn6f3oh1449540120000责编:徐璐明资料图144954012000011["9CaKrnQhoku","9CaKrnQhnJU","9CaKrnQhmMI","9CaKrnQhmkY","9CaKrnQhmgv"]{"gallery":{"members":[{"desc":"库兹涅佐夫股份公司是俄罗斯领先的发动机制造公司,其业务包括设计、制造和维修火箭、航空发动机和能源行业的燃气轮机。(鸣谢:空军之翼)","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/02\/20151208100249264.jpg"},{"desc":"他们制造的火箭发动机已被用于发射“东方”、“上升”、“联盟”载人飞船和“进步”自动运输货运飞船。俄罗斯100%的载人航天发射和80%的商业发射都使用萨马拉制造的RD107\/108和其改型发动机。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/02\/20151208100249927.jpg"},{"desc":"库兹涅佐夫公司的产品在保持俄罗斯远程航空兵战备状态上也发挥了特别重要的作用,该公司设计制造和维护NK-12发动机安装在了图-95MS远程轰炸机上,此外还有图-22M3轰炸机的NK-25和图-160战略轰炸机的NK-32发动机。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/02\/20151208100251460.jpg"},{"desc":"今日的萨马拉也面临着诸多挑战,如恢复NK-32 02系列发动机的生产、加大火箭发动机产量、应俄罗斯天然气工业公司的要求提高工业燃气轮机的可靠性、以及为先进飞机发展新发动机。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/02\/20151208100251925.jpg"},{"desc":"这是加工NK-32发动机压缩机定子环的车床","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/02\/20151208100251837.jpg"},{"desc":"NK-32是图-160战略轰炸机的动力装置。1996年,图-144LL飞行实验室也改装了NK-32-1发动机。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/02\/20151208100253872.jpg"},{"desc":"这台机器每分钟最快能处理100米的接缝","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/02\/20151208100254845.jpg"},{"desc":"冶金车间。这里能制造工业燃气涡轮发动机和航空发动机的机匣组件,直径可达1600毫米、重量可达1500公斤。图中的女工正在组装叶片的蜡模,他们用失蜡法进行铸造。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/02\/20151208100254890.jpg"},{"desc":"这么细致的活需要女工来完成","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/02\/20151208100255706.jpg"},{"desc":"库兹涅佐夫有约12000名员工。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/03\/20151208100308807.jpg"},{"desc":"飞机发动机总装车间","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/03\/20151208100310545.jpg"},{"desc":"组装NK-32发动机的加力燃烧室。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/03\/20151208100312350.jpg"},{"desc":"图-22M3的NK-25发动机,在很长一段时间里,它和NK-32是世界上推力最大的航空发动机","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/03\/20151208100313628.jpg"},{"desc":"组装中的NK-25","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/02\/20151208100248234.jpg"},{"desc":"在组装前检查NK-32的机匣","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/10\/20151208101041781.jpg"},{"desc":"加力燃烧室的喷油环","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/10\/20151208101041502.jpg"},{"desc":"组装航空发动机要一丝不苟","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/10\/20151208101043449.jpg"},{"desc":"组装NK-14ST燃气涡轮发动机,该发动机被用于天然气输送,有趣的是,发动机可以使用管道中运输的气体作燃料。NK-14ST是图-95轰炸机NK-12发动机的改型。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/10\/20151208101044113.jpg"},{"desc":"火箭发动机总装车间。左边是格鲁什科院士动力机械制造科研生产联合公司研制的RD-107A\/108A发动机,右边是库兹涅佐夫自己研制的NK-33发动机。RD-107A\/108A发动机结构类似,只不过107用于“联盟”运载火箭的第一级,108用于第二级。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/10\/20151208101045677.jpg"},{"desc":"发动机测试台上的NK-14ST","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/10\/20151208101056650.jpg"},{"desc":"根据测试结果进行调校","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/10\/20151208101056164.jpg"},{"desc":"测试控制台","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/10\/20151208101058205.jpg"},{"desc":"压力计,用于在燃气涡轮发动机测试中测量发动机低压差压。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/10\/20151208101058567.jpg"},{"desc":"发动机试验台的消音和排气装置。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/10\/20151208101059959.jpg"},{"desc":"RD-107A\/108A火箭发动机测试,这是在点火前几分钟拍的。确认发动机可靠性只有一个办法,就是直接用成品进行测试。发动机被固定在一个特制倾斜台架上,准备点火。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/11\/20151208101100272.jpg"},{"desc":"在超过半个世纪的时间里,“库兹涅佐夫”制造了8个大类约10000台液体火箭发动机,把超过1800枚“东方”、“上升”、“闪电”和“联盟”火箭送入太空。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/11\/20151208101101237.jpg"},{"desc":"点火前冷却系统开始喷水,形成一片水幕来降低尾焰温度和噪音。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/11\/20151208101102651.jpg"},{"desc":"测试发动机需要监测约250项参数才能评估其质量。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/11\/20151208101103236.jpg"},{"desc":"点火了,尾焰的亮度让周围黯淡无光。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/11\/20151208101104393.jpg"},{"desc":"尾焰直接冲刷下方地面,冒出一片高温蒸汽。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/11\/20151208101104666.jpg"},{"desc":"水幕混入尾焰,这是真正的水火交融。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/11\/20151208101105744.jpg"},{"desc":"测试最后一分钟了,此时已经烧掉了约12吨煤油和30吨液氧。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/11\/20151208101106185.jpg"},{"desc":"测试完成后,这台发动机会送回装配厂,拆解后根据测试结果进行调整,然后再组装起来,通过最后质检后才能发给客户——进步航天火箭中心,再由他们安装在火箭上。","url":"\/\/himg2.huanqiucdn.cn\/attachment2010\/2015\/1208\/10\/11\/20151208101107442.jpg"}]}}//himg2.huanqiucdn.cn/attachment2010/2015/1208/10/24/20151208102418601.jpg